what are they, how do they work, and what can they do?
I opened up gunboys mod gob file to see how he totally changes everything in terms of weapons, and the only thing he had I didnt was client cogs.
please help advanced coggers (you know who Im talking about , chris hill, staticX)

if(getThingFlags(source) & 0x8){
  do her}
elseif(getThingFlags(source) & 0x4){
  do other babe}
else{
  do a dude}

Here's a good tutorial

yes, follow that, if you need any help. ask here. it isnt too hard once you get to know triggers.