Sorry, it may not have been clear for you, I'll try to help anything you don't understand here.
That chart is the conversion of decimal into hexadicimal.
From 0 to 9, it's the same on hexadecimal, but decimal 10 will be displayed as "a" for hexadecimal and "b" for 11 and so on.
I left out 19 to 24, because that just is the same pattern.
1 and 2 in decimal is 1 and 2 in hexadecimal, that's what the first line of the chart means.
I'll explain you the calculation of hexadecimal numbers you brought up.
Just as in decimal, you add up from the lowest digit.
0x1a0 + 0xabc ->
0 + c is c. So the lowest digit remains as "c".
a + b is 15. Note "15" is in hexadecimal.(a is 10 in deci, b is 11 in deci. 10 in hex is 16 and 5 in hex is 5) So this digit gives 1 on the upper digit and will have 5 as its own digit.
1 + a is b. But the lower digit gave 1, so b + 1 is c and this digit becomes c.
So, c -> 5 -> c. 0xc5c.
Hope this makes sense to you.
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