This is how the possibility of time travel was explained to me, and assuming that the assumptions hold true then it should be possible.
Say you throw a baseball at about 40 mph. Then you get into the back of a truck, and throw a baseball forward at your 40 mph strenght, the combined forces of your throw and the speed of the truck will make the ball go about 80 mph.
Light travels at 300,000 feet per second, or some insanely high number that so far is impossible to reach. But the thing about light is it ONLY travels at 300,000 feet per second. If you get into the truck, going 40mph, and turn on a flashlight, facing it forward, the light coming out of that flashlight will go 300,000 fps... the fact that its in a moving truck has no effect on its speed.
Since speed is a measure of distance and time, S = D/T, and the speed of light never changes (this is what the TV program taught me... light never changes speed) then that means TIME had to change to compensate for the light.
Since we are talking 40 mph or so here, the adjustment time would have to make for the light is insignificant. But it did have to change if light never changes speed, which means time had to speed up a little tiny bit to compensate for the light, so that it only traveled 300,000 feet in one second.
If we were to build some kind of super spacecraft (because we probably dont have enough distance in this planet to make a craft that isnt supported outside the atmosphere), and this spacecraft could faster than the speed of light, say 330,000 fps. The craft would get going, turn on a light, and since the light cannot exceed 300,000 fps, time has to speed wayyy up. So as far as the guy in the craft can tell, 1 second has gone by after 300,000 feet. But for the light to maintiain its 300,000 fps, 2.1 seconds have to have actually gone by for everyone else. You keep adding all this up, and the guy stays in the craft for a day, 2.1 days have gone by on Earth. Keep it going somehow for 5 years, the guy has aged 5 years while everyone else aged 11 years on Earth, and he's technically traveled 6 years into the future.
Going backward in time is something I do not think we can do. However, sitting here thinking, I found a way the guy in the craft could just age faster than everyone else.
If the craft was going 150,000 fps, half the speed of light, and turned on a light facing backward from his craft, then the light would need an extra second to go by for the guy while making it so only one second went by for the rest of the world. If that kept up, the guy would be in his craft for 10 years, and age 10 years, while the rest of the world only aged 5 years.
If the craft were to be going faster than light, say 330,000 fps, and turned the backward light on, what should happen is after 1 second the light ends up 30,000 feet forward from the point where it was activated. This is like if you threw the ball from the truck backward at your 40 mph strentgh and the truck was going 60, the ball would go 20 mph in the same direction as the truck. Technically, if you did the same thing with the light and the craft going faster, the light would never even go past the point of where it was turned on. So someone who was behind the craft when it turned on the light would never see the light being turned on because the light is not going their direction. If for some reason it does, its just too mind boggling for me to figure out what time had to do to get the light to a point where it never actually existed....
I spent about an hour just sitting here thinking of how to go backwards in time with this method and came up with zilch, I could only think of how to go forward...
"Guns don't kill people, I kill people."