This isn't from a specific source, it's just my understanding:
When we're born our DNA is pretty much in perfect condition (unless we were born with a genetic defect). Our cells reproduce all the time, for the most part this reproduction goes without a hitch. Sometimes things go a little wrong (due to a number of unavoidable factors), these build up over time. This is called aging, as we get older we don't necessarily get ill we just consist of less and less "perfect" cells. Until eventually we die in our sleep or become vulnerable to some disease.
Now for cancer. We are constantly being bombarded by radioactive particles, most of it is just background radiation (naturally in our atmosphere), it tends to be a bit higher in urban areas and in our homes due to some of the materials used make buildings. But generally, background radiation shouldn't pose a huge health risk (unless you are unlucky, statistics does play a role).
If a cell happens to be bombarded as it reproduces, the DNA sequences can be put back together out of line, so effectively the code is screwed up and the cell has no purpose. The cell can still reproduce however.
The chances of this happening are VERY small with just background radiation, but there are other sources (carconogens (sp?)) which increase the chances, the damage being caused also builds up over time (hence why cancer is more common in older people).
When the cell continues to reproduce without anything telling it to stop (because it doesn't have the DNA instructions to work with) a tumor is formed. The human immune system can't help because it only recognises foreign entities such as viruses and harmful bacteria. To the human body, a cancerous cell looks perfectly normal.
I think that's just about it, it's probably poorly structured and contains some inaccuracies... but meh
Detty. Professional Expert.
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