Let me confirm a couple things I'm not 100% sure about from your posts:
1) The VPN server can itself connect to other SMB servers (aka folder shares).
2) You cannot connect through the VPN to these same SMB servers, but you can connect to other resources such as remote desktop on the VPN server's network.
Assuming those are true... it's probably a permissions issue, as NoESC said. I don't know anything about domains, you might have to join the domain to get access to the SMB shares. Otherwise you need to be sure your usernames and passwords match up... or that you explicitly specify them while connecting using net.exe.
My diagnosis steps for SMB servers:
1) Try to connect via computer name: Start > Run > \\phoenix
2) If 1 fails, connect via IP address: Start -> Run -> \\192.168.0.6
3) If both fail, ensure your routing tables are correct.
3a) Type "route print" in the command prompt and see where the IP you are trying to access is being routed, make sure it's through the right interface... if you use OpenVPN it might not be.
3b) If not, fix it with route add or route update. With OpenVPN, add the routing information into your .ovpn file so you don't have to do it manually every time you connect.
3c) Go back to 1.
4) If you can view the shared resources, try accessing one.
5) If you get an access denied at any point during the access without a password prompt, try explicitly entering your username/password using the command prompt:
5a) Use "net use * \\192.168.0.6\sharename * /user:[domain\]username"
* - There is no footnote, you really type a star there... or you can explicitly put a drive letter in the first star's place. The second you can replace with the password... but it's best to leave it a star and use the prompt that appears instead.
5b) Type "net help use" for the full command syntax and more help
5c) Open My Computer if it was successful and use the newly mapped drive letter.
5d) Use the username Guest with a blank password for anonymous access.
6) If you still cannot access, your permissions on the SMB server are screwed up. Make sure you are allowed access on BOTH the share name, AND the folder being shared. This really tripped me up a couple times... if you are allow yourself access on the share permissions, but deny yourself access on the folder (easy to do when setting up access for Guest on XP Home or Vista Homes, where you have to use a third-party tool like ShareEnum to manage share permissions, which DOESN'T change the underlying folder permissions) you will get access denied errors trying to access the share.
6a) If you are trying to access as Guest, be sure the Guest user exists, is enabled, and has no password on the remote system. Not to mention be sure that user (or the group Everybody... Guest isn't a member of Users...) has access to the share and folder.