Mort-Hog
If moral relativism is wrong, I don't wanna be right.
Posts: 4,192
Tenshu put it best. Both atheism and agnosticism (I'll deal with this below) are the 'miscellenious' catagory. Calling atheism a religion is like like a questionnaire asking your racial catagory: White European, Black African, Black Carribbean, Latino, Chinese, None of the above;
and then considering None-of-the-above to be a racial catagory (and then refuse to tolerate none-of-the-above and be a none-of-the-aboveist, resulting in none-of-the-above rights campaigns and none-of-the-above musicians and none-of-the-above history week and such!).
Secondly, we're now into the realm where we discuss the difference between 'religion' and 'philosophical position'.
The two are not the same. I'm sure you find semantic debates as boring and uninteresting as I do, but I think we can agree that the one thing all religions share in common is a belief in the supernatural. They require belief in the supernatural. Atheism does not. Atheism doesn't exclude belief in the supernatural, atheism is just one sentence: There is no God (more on this below). One sentence isn't a religion. This is not an irrational belief, this is not an unsubstaniated belief, this is not a belief in the supernatural, and this is how atheism is fundementally different and fundementally outside of all forms of faith.
Atheists don't have faith that there is no God, atheists must have some sort of logical reasoning behind it (even if that reasoning is very simple). The question regarding atheist reasoning is whether the argument is logically valid and sound.
This is precisely the question we ask of any philosophical position. Kant's Transcendental Idealism, Hume's Is-ought problem, Hegel on dialectics, law of contraction; these are all philosophical problems with lots of different positions, and the adoption of a philosophical stance (like, say, Young Hegelians) can in no way be described as a 'religion'. The issue of atheism belongs in the context of philosophy, not religion. When evaluating atheist arguments, you do so in exactly the same way you'd evaluate any other philosophical position.
Well, this is actually a contemorary issue for atheist philosophers, quite simply "What is atheism?". It's quite funny how philosophy sometimes works, really, starting off with terribly complex questions and terribly complex answers and progressing onwards to simpler, more fundemental questions (but not necessarily especially simple answers). But yeah, this is a topical issue and there are various different viewpoints and various different reasons for adopting each. The one I adopt I choose not because it has any logical virtue, I merely consider it the most elegant because I can express it in two sentences (I think may also have stolen this one off of Flirbnic). So, here goes.
- An agnostic does not believe God exists.
- An atheist believes God does not exist.
There's probably going to be one of two reactions to this..
1 . You just said the same thing twice! (this was my reaction when I first heard it, anyway)
Yeah, they're the same words, but the order makes the world of difference. The agnostic does not believe that God exists, and the atheist will agree with this sentiment precisely. But the atheist will go one step further as to say There is no God. The agnostic will not commit himself to this. There's various reasons why the atheist will go 'one step further' (and none of them based on 'faith'), they will be usually be regarding logical contradictions within the supposed qualities of God. All of these arguments will fall under some philosophical issue, as we discussed above. Agnostic vs. Atheist is usually a very interesting and productive way of evaluating atheist arguments.
2. No no no, an agnostic simply doesn't know, that's what a-gnostic means, without knowledge (Note that agnosticism has nothing whatsoever to do with gnosticism)
Yes, it is, and the definition An agnostic does not believe in God doesn't contradict this. If you look up a few posts, you'll see my circle of theism. Everyone inside that circle of theism, Christians, Muslims, Hindus, they will all proclaim God(s) exist(s)!. In order to be in this theist circle, you must say that. The agnostic will not say God(s) exist(s)!, so cannot be in the theist circle. The agnostic is not theist, and therefore the agnostic does not believe in God.
Sure, you could shuffle the words around and call this 'non-theism' and have agnosticism and atheism as both within 'non-theism', but I don't really see the merit in introducing yet another word. I take agnosticism to be synonymous with non-theism. Other people, like Tenshu, will add in concepts like 'strong atheism' and 'weak atheism' to describe what I've defined as 'atheism' and 'agnosticism'. The reason I reject Tenshu's approach is that there isn't any difference between 'weak atheism' and 'agnosticism', so you're just left with a lot of fairly unnecessary words. (Still others will introduce 'strong agnosticism' and 'weak agnosticism', but I'm not even sure what that's supposed to be).
The reason I reject the "agnostics just don't know" definition is simply because it isn't very useful. Apply it to any other context; is there an apple under my chair? I don't know. Quite possibly, I quite like apples. But I don't actually know. The statement 'Quite possibly, I quite like apples' was infinitely more useful than the statement 'I don't know' and offering that best-guess approach, even though it probably isn't even a very good guess, is far more useful than offering no approach whatsoever. 'I don't know' is a valid answer to every single question ever, and that's why it isn't very useful at all.
The downfall of both this system and the agnostics-don't-know system is that it doesn't really offer any insight as to why the agnostic isn't an atheist. But it does make it quite clear that the agnostic isn't, and eliminates confusion between the two.
"The trouble with the world is that the stupid are cocksure and the intelligent are full of doubt. " - Bertrand Russell
The Triumph of Stupidity in Mortals and Others 1931-1935