Yes, that's the idea behind
HSCTs. You can also harvest cells from umbilical cord blood, which yields slightly different benefits (the matching doesn't have to be as exact), but is relatively newer and has less knowledge/experience behind it.
Kuat: BMTs aren't all THAT uncommon ... they're pretty much the only potential cure for leukemia patients for whom therapy isn't working or who have relapses after remission. They're tough, to be sure, but I think the bigger problem would be finding an A) willing donor who's B) a match AND C) lacks the receptors you're talking about.
Onimusha: There isn't a "cure for cancer" because cancer is not a single disease and the way that various cancers are treated vary greatly -- some treatments for some cancers (e.g. chemo for breast cancer, total body irradiation, etc) can cause other cancers (e.g. leukemia, thymoma, etc) down the line. It's not really as simple as something like an infection where the bad thing is something to get rid of and the cure is a medicine. Cancer is not "incurable" -- it can be cured, but the cure rates for various cancers, again, vary greatly and the primary problem right now isn't that we don't have a way to treat cancer --it's that the side effects of the treatment are both very unpleasant AND may cause MORE cancer.
There has been a tremendous amount of advancement over the past century in cancer research, but face it: cancer is hard to deal with. I can't comment on how profitable cancer research is (by the way, despite 'big pharma,' not ALL medical research is motivated by financial gain ... some people actually do enjoy saving / improving lives and helping people), but even if there was an ample amount of funding, I'd still contend that the primary obstacle is the nature of the various diseases.