Dogsrool: Let's clarify one point at a time..incidentally, this covers "1.) Where Christ set up heirarchy in the church."
It's not quite so plain as you would like to believe, since Christ spoke Aramic, not Greek.
Jesus called Peter "petros" ("stone" or "rock"). Whenever Christ changes someone's name, something significant happens (eg Abram to Abraham -- "exalted father" to "father of multitudes").
1 Peter 2:4-5 says: "Unto whom coming, as to a living stone, rejected indeed by men but chosen and made honourable by God: Be you also as living
stones [Greek: lithoi] built up, a spiritual house, a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ."
Each Christian is a "stone," a lithos (singular of lithoi). If it had been Jesus' intention to tell Simon that he is merely one of many little stones, He would not have renamed him into Petros, nor would there have been a reason to single Simon out.
To clarify further, we can look at the Aramic:
John 1:42: "And he brought him to Jesus. And Jesus looking upon [Simon], said: Thou art Simon the son of Jona. Thou shalt be called Cephas, which is interpreted Peter. "
Cephas is Aramic for "rock", and Christ spoke Aramic, as did lots of people back then. It was obviously left untranslated. "Cephas" means rock and rock only, not "stone".
With that in mind, namely, that Simon is the Greek Petros and the Aramaic Cephas, we can now proceed to further clarify who is the rock of Matthew 16:18 upon whom or which the Church is built. Now, the Aramaic cephas means "rock," and "rock" ONLY; it does NOT mean "stone." Therefore, we conclude that when Jesus said that Simon was now Peter, He meant to apply the title "rock," petra in Greek, to him, since the other translation of "Peter" is Cephas, which means "rock." So Christ built His Church "upon this rock"--Peter. The reason Jesus did not call Simon Petra is very simple: the word petra has a feminine ending because it is a feminine noun. It is not appropriate to give a male person a female name. So Jesus makes this female noun "male" by switching the female -a ending into the male -os ending, so that the Greek word "rock" can be applied to Simon. Again, we know that Jesus means to call Peter ROCK and not STONE because in Aramaic He calls him Cephas, which can only mean "rock" and not Evna, which is the Aramaic name for "stone," and because he could have called him Lithos instead, the Greek word for "stone," which even possesses a male ending already.
Since I won't claim to have a good enough memory to recall all this on my own, my reference is at cathinsight.com.
May I ask -- how are you sure that your church, or any church for that matter, is the 'right' one? If there is a 'right' one, what is it, in your opinion? If you would outline your own beliefs, that would be helpful -- do you believe 'sola scriptura'?